Which are the fastest Windows VPNs in Mainland China?

Our users have tested the speed, stability and latency of 116 Windows VPNs and other circumvention tools in Mainland China in the last 90 days. Test your connection.

Every VPN and circumvention tool ranked here is scored on real download speed, latency, and connection stability measurements from user tests. Use the filters above to find the best VPN for getting around censorship and accessing blocked content — YouTube, X (Twitter), Instagram, Facebook, ChatGPT, Telegram, Discord and other services that are restricted in China, Russia, Iran and other censored networks.

Mainland China 70
Russia 6
Turkmenistan 1
All Operating Systems 111
Windows 70
Android 33
macOS 15
iOS 6
Linux 2
Tool Ranking Pricing Speed (median) Latency (median) Stability (median) Test Count
zodaccess
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 7.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 250.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 25
1 - 7.2 MB/s 250.9 ms 100.0% 25
linkcube
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 5.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 307.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 13
2 - 5.3 MB/s 307.7 ms 100.0% 13
悠兔
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 5.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 313.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
3 - 5.2 MB/s 313.4 ms 100.0% 6
mihomo
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 6 MB/s
Latency (median): 322.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
- 6 MB/s 322.1 ms 100.0% 8
白月光
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 4.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 272.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 27
4 - 4.1 MB/s 272.2 ms 100.0% 27
91
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 10.7 MB/s
Latency (median): 356.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
- 10.7 MB/s 356.9 ms 100.0% 5
mesl
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 6.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 363.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 12
5 - 6.8 MB/s 363.0 ms 100.0% 12
0
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 316.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 21
- 3.5 MB/s 316.3 ms 100.0% 21
TonboVPN
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 329.5 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
6 - 3.6 MB/s 329.5 ms 100.0% 6
ikuuu
Pricing:
Speed (median): 3.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 324.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 77
7 3.1 MB/s 324.3 ms 100.0% 77
尔湾云
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 331.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
8 - 3.2 MB/s 331.3 ms 100.0% 8
。
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 6.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 382.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
- 6.8 MB/s 382.6 ms 100.0% 6
黑石
Pricing:
Speed (median): 3.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 340.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 33
9 3.2 MB/s 340.0 ms 100.0% 33
苏菲家宽
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 4.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 377.5 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 16
10 - 4.3 MB/s 377.5 ms 100.0% 16
吹雪云
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 4.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 386.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 24
11 - 4.6 MB/s 386.3 ms 100.0% 24
nano
Pricing:
Speed (median): 3.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 381.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 23
12 3.8 MB/s 381.7 ms 100.0% 23
AirTCP
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.4 MB/s
Latency (median): 366.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 21
13 - 3.4 MB/s 366.6 ms 100.0% 21
NordVPN
Pricing:
Speed (median): 3.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 402.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 9
14 3.6 MB/s 402.1 ms 100.0% 9
Flclash
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 399.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 53
- 3.5 MB/s 399.0 ms 100.0% 53
魔戒
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 341.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 43
15 - 2.8 MB/s 341.0 ms 100.0% 43
云梯
Pricing:
Speed (median): 5.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 444.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
16 5.2 MB/s 444.1 ms 100.0% 6
猫猫云
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 377.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 51
17 - 2.9 MB/s 377.3 ms 100.0% 51
ssone
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 4.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 449.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
18 - 4.6 MB/s 449.8 ms 100.0% 11
慈善机场
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 331.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
19 - 2.1 MB/s 331.8 ms 100.0% 6
赔钱机场
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 398.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 25
20 - 2.8 MB/s 398.8 ms 100.0% 25
Shadowsocks
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 432.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 36
- 3.2 MB/s 432.1 ms 100.0% 36
Clash Verge Rev
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.7 MB/s
Latency (median): 383.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 31
- 2.7 MB/s 383.1 ms 100.0% 31
111
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 471.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
- 3.6 MB/s 471.7 ms 100.0% 6
一分机场
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3 MB/s
Latency (median): 434.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
21 - 3 MB/s 434.0 ms 100.0% 7
flclash
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 399.5 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 129
- 2.5 MB/s 399.5 ms 100.0% 129
12VPN
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 405.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
- 2.5 MB/s 405.2 ms 100.0% 5
搬瓦工
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 416.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
- 2.8 MB/s 416.6 ms 100.0% 6
mitce
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 420.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 9
22 - 2.6 MB/s 420.0 ms 100.0% 9
闪连
Pricing:
Speed (median): 2.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 428.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 30
23 2.6 MB/s 428.9 ms 100.0% 30
三毛机场
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 351.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 13
24 - 1.8 MB/s 351.9 ms 100.0% 13
sakuracat
Pricing:
Speed (median): 2.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 409.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 40
25 2.3 MB/s 409.8 ms 100.0% 40
飞鸟云
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 406.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 9
26 - 2.3 MB/s 406.8 ms 100.0% 9
Ghelper
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 488.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 15
27 - 3.1 MB/s 488.1 ms 100.0% 15
openclash
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 466.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 42
- 2.9 MB/s 466.3 ms 100.0% 42
Clash for Windows
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 515.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
- 3.5 MB/s 515.2 ms 100.0% 5
ssrdog
Pricing:
Speed (median): 2.7 MB/s
Latency (median): 447.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 20
28 2.7 MB/s 447.8 ms 100.0% 20
wmsxwd
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 339.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
29 - 1.3 MB/s 339.3 ms 100.0% 6
365VPN
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 512.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 13
30 - 2.9 MB/s 512.0 ms 100.0% 13
now加速
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 348.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
31 - 1.3 MB/s 348.1 ms 100.0% 7
cokecloud
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 499.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
32 - 2.9 MB/s 499.4 ms 100.0% 7
超实惠加速
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 452.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 25
33 - 2.5 MB/s 452.2 ms 100.0% 25
精灵学院
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 420.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
34 - 2.2 MB/s 420.2 ms 100.0% 6
良心云
Pricing:
Speed (median): 2.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 445.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 57
35 2.2 MB/s 445.4 ms 100.0% 57
flcash
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 492.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
- 2.6 MB/s 492.4 ms 100.0% 5
fastlink
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 533.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
36 - 2.9 MB/s 533.9 ms 100.0% 7
Xray
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 597.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
- 3.2 MB/s 597.1 ms 100.0% 6
无
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 476.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 52
- 2.3 MB/s 476.4 ms 100.0% 52
vpn07
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 406.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 9
37 - 1.6 MB/s 406.6 ms 100.0% 9
老狗
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 4.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 285.8 ms
Stability (median): 94.4%
Test Count: 5
38 - 4.6 MB/s 285.8 ms 94.4% 5
Clash Verge
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 452.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 1087
- 2.2 MB/s 452.9 ms 100.0% 1087
1
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 451.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 89
- 2.2 MB/s 451.8 ms 100.0% 89
subchecks
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 368.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 18
- 1.1 MB/s 368.3 ms 100.0% 18
WireGuard
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 467.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 12
- 2.2 MB/s 467.4 ms 100.0% 12
0dcloud
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 853.1 KB/s
Latency (median): 355.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
39 - 853.1 KB/s 355.6 ms 100.0% 5
11
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 560.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
- 2.8 MB/s 560.0 ms 100.0% 5
123
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 493.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 19
- 2.3 MB/s 493.1 ms 100.0% 19
passwall
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2 MB/s
Latency (median): 453.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 12
- 2 MB/s 453.9 ms 100.0% 12
kabeneko
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.4 MB/s
Latency (median): 402.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
- 1.4 MB/s 402.8 ms 100.0% 5
飞鸟
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.4 MB/s
Latency (median): 514.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 17
40 - 2.4 MB/s 514.8 ms 100.0% 17
V2Ray
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 470.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 63
- 1.9 MB/s 470.2 ms 100.0% 63
FCLASH
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 472.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
- 1.8 MB/s 472.7 ms 100.0% 8
青云梯
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 485.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
41 - 1.8 MB/s 485.3 ms 100.0% 8
飞猫云
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 498.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 10
42 - 1.8 MB/s 498.9 ms 100.0% 10
BoostNet
Pricing:
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 450.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
1.6 MB/s 450.6 ms 100.0% 11
Clash Party
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 475.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 34
- 1.6 MB/s 475.4 ms 100.0% 34
ficlash
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 474.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
- 1.6 MB/s 474.0 ms 100.0% 11
极光
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 580.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
43 - 2.3 MB/s 580.9 ms 100.0% 5
Clash
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 516.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 62
- 1.8 MB/s 516.4 ms 100.0% 62
宝可梦
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.7 MB/s
Latency (median): 503.5 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 20
44 - 1.7 MB/s 503.5 ms 100.0% 20
VPS
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2 MB/s
Latency (median): 561.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
- 2 MB/s 561.8 ms 100.0% 7
Glados
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 514.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
- 1.6 MB/s 514.1 ms 100.0% 8
Hiddify
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 478.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 14
45 - 1.1 MB/s 478.3 ms 100.0% 14
sdkdns
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.9 MB/s
Latency (median): 616.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 10
46 - 1.9 MB/s 616.1 ms 100.0% 10
flyingbird
Pricing:
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 520.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
47 1.6 MB/s 520.2 ms 100.0% 7
yhvpn
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 480.2 KB/s
Latency (median): 411.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
48 - 480.2 KB/s 411.0 ms 100.0% 11
skyline
Pricing:
Speed (median): 839.6 KB/s
Latency (median): 454.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
49 839.6 KB/s 454.4 ms 100.0% 7
taishan
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.8 MB/s
Latency (median): 633.8 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 13
50 - 1.8 MB/s 633.8 ms 100.0% 13
v2rayN
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 515.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 227
- 1.3 MB/s 515.7 ms 100.0% 227
机场
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.1 MB/s
Latency (median): 376.7 ms
Stability (median): 94.4%
Test Count: 5
- 3.1 MB/s 376.7 ms 94.4% 5
subscheck
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 823.4 KB/s
Latency (median): 464.5 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 14
- 823.4 KB/s 464.5 ms 100.0% 14
龙猫云
Pricing:
Speed (median): 1.2 MB/s
Latency (median): 532.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
51 1.2 MB/s 532.7 ms 100.0% 11
快连
Pricing:
Speed (median): 2 MB/s
Latency (median): 787.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
52 2 MB/s 787.9 ms 100.0% 11
大象网络
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 607.4 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
53 - 1.5 MB/s 607.4 ms 100.0% 6
Tiger
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.4 MB/s
Latency (median): 616.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 6
54 - 1.4 MB/s 616.2 ms 100.0% 6
clashverge
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 764.7 KB/s
Latency (median): 492.5 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 11
- 764.7 KB/s 492.5 ms 100.0% 11
SimplePlane
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 971.9 KB/s
Latency (median): 548.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
55 - 971.9 KB/s 548.3 ms 100.0% 7
黑马加速器
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.7 MB/s
Latency (median): 727.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 19
56 - 1.7 MB/s 727.9 ms 100.0% 19
Cloudflare
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.6 MB/s
Latency (median): 642.3 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 12
- 1.6 MB/s 642.3 ms 100.0% 12
星云
Pricing:
Speed (median): 980.2 KB/s
Latency (median): 597.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 21
57 980.2 KB/s 597.1 ms 100.0% 21
Mullvad VPN
Pricing:
Speed (median): 2.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 335.8 ms
Stability (median): 80.6%
Test Count: 14
58 2.5 MB/s 335.8 ms 80.6% 14
veee
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 983.1 KB/s
Latency (median): 611.6 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 10
- 983.1 KB/s 611.6 ms 100.0% 10
OpenRung
Pricing: Free
Speed (median): 1.4 MB/s
Latency (median): 732.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
59 Free 1.4 MB/s 732.7 ms 100.0% 8
快橙
Pricing:
Speed (median): 662.1 KB/s
Latency (median): 566.1 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 10
60 662.1 KB/s 566.1 ms 100.0% 10
Surfshark
Pricing: Trial
Speed (median): 902.1 KB/s
Latency (median): 639.2 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 8
61 Trial 902.1 KB/s 639.2 ms 100.0% 8
小地球仪
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 819.3 KB/s
Latency (median): 719.7 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 31
62 - 819.3 KB/s 719.7 ms 100.0% 31
Windscribe
Pricing:
Speed (median): 482.7 KB/s
Latency (median): 721.9 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 5
63 482.7 KB/s 721.9 ms 100.0% 5
v2rayNG
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 2.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 478.4 ms
Stability (median): 94.4%
Test Count: 16
- 2.3 MB/s 478.4 ms 94.4% 16
ykk
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 3.5 MB/s
Latency (median): 638.9 ms
Stability (median): 91.7%
Test Count: 6
- 3.5 MB/s 638.9 ms 91.7% 6
ProtonVPN
Pricing: Free
Speed (median): 277.7 KB/s
Latency (median): 990.0 ms
Stability (median): 100.0%
Test Count: 7
64 Free 277.7 KB/s 990.0 ms 100.0% 7
2
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 1.3 MB/s
Latency (median): 448.9 ms
Stability (median): 94.4%
Test Count: 9
- 1.3 MB/s 448.9 ms 94.4% 9
GreatFireVPN
Pricing: Trial
Speed (median): 925 KB/s
Latency (median): 789.2 ms
Stability (median): 97.2%
Test Count: 6
65 Trial 925 KB/s 789.2 ms 97.2% 6
StrongVPN
Pricing:
Speed (median): 516.2 KB/s
Latency (median): 647.2 ms
Stability (median): 91.7%
Test Count: 10
66 516.2 KB/s 647.2 ms 91.7% 10
弄子里
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 807.5 KB/s
Latency (median): 809.5 ms
Stability (median): 86.1%
Test Count: 6
67 - 807.5 KB/s 809.5 ms 86.1% 6
geph
Pricing: -
Speed (median): 395.9 KB/s
Latency (median): 979.4 ms
Stability (median): 94.4%
Test Count: 8
68 - 395.9 KB/s 979.4 ms 94.4% 8
FreeBrowser
Pricing: Free
Speed (median): 780.8 KB/s
Latency (median): 1134.5 ms
Stability (median): 77.8%
Test Count: 5
69 Free 780.8 KB/s 1134.5 ms 77.8% 5
zoogvpn
Pricing:
Speed (median): 329.8 KB/s
Latency (median): 1142.4 ms
Stability (median): 94.4%
Test Count: 42
70 329.8 KB/s 1142.4 ms 94.4% 42
Good
Average
Poor

The bar under each median runs from the 10th to the 90th percentile. The mark is the median. Bars in a column share one scale, so a bar further to the right is higher.

How do you rank VPNs and tools?

We combine speed, latency, and stability measurements from user tests over the selected date range.

How often is the data updated?

Results update continuously as users submit new tests.

Which locations and operating systems are supported?

You can filter by user locations like Mainland China, Russia, Iran and by Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, and Linux.